HEPA filters are designed to remove 99.97% of airborne particles that are 0.3 microns or larger. This includes dust, pollen, mold spores, and bacteria.

A manometer is a device that measures pressure by comparing the height of a column of liquid to a reference pressure. To measure the pressure drop across an air filter, a manometer is placed on either side of the filter. The difference in the readings on the manometer is the pressure drop across the filter. Pitot tube can also be used to measure pressure drop across air filters

Single-phase induction motors are the most common type of motor used in refrigeration systems as they are relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain.

Radiation is a form of energy that can travel through a vacuum, unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium to transfer heat.

The dew point is the temperature at which the air is saturated with water vapor. When the air is cooled below the dew point, the water vapor in the air condenses into liquid water.

Convection is the process of heat transfer by the movement of a fluid. In liquids and gases, the particles are free to move around, so they can carry heat with them as they move.

The saturation curve is the boundary between the states of moist air that are saturated (100% humidity) and those that are unsaturated (less than 100% humidity).

The 4-20 mA range is a standard range for current sensors. Current sensors are often used in industrial applications to measure the flow of fluids, such as water, oil, and gas.

RTDs (resistance temperature detectors) that measure temperature have a positive temperature coefficient. This means that the resistance of the RTD increases as the temperature increases. The amount of increase in resistance is determined by the material used to make the RTD.

The compressor is a pump that increases the pressure of the refrigerant, which increases its temperature.

Sensible heat is the heat that can be used to heat or cool air.
Ex: a furnace heats air by adding sensible heat to the air. A refrigerator cools the air by removing sensible heat from the air.

Primary air is important for complete combustion, as it provides the oxygen that the fuel needs to burn. The amount of primary air required for complete combustion depends on the type of fuel being burned.

The combination of both sensible heat and latent heat is called enthalpy. Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property that represents the total heat content of a system.

Combustion blowers are fans that force air into the combustion chamber, where it mixes with the fuel and ignites. This helps to ensure that the fuel and air are evenly mixed, which is necessary for complete combustion.

This high voltage is necessary to jump the gap between the spark plug electrodes and ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.

Water-tube boilers are able to operate at higher pressures than fire-tube boilers because the water is circulated through tubes that are surrounded by hot combustion gases. This allows for more efficient heat transfer and higher steam output.

This can be achieved by using Filters, Heating/Cooling Coils and Humidifiers / Dehumidifiers